以反相微乳液法制备的二氧化硅纳米线（ SiO₂NW）为基础，采用原位化学氧化共沉淀法在二氧化硅纳米线表面生长四氧化三铁，制备了表面负载四氧化三铁的磁性二氧化硅纳米线（SiO₂NW@Fe₃O₄）。利用 X射线衍射仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、 X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜研究了 SiO₂NW和 SiO₂NW@Fe₃O₄的结构和形貌。通过机械搅拌和超声分散将 SiO₂NW@Fe₃O₄均匀分散在环氧树脂中，在微磁场环境中对环氧树脂进行固化，并对固化后涂层的力学性能进行测试。结果表明：与纯环氧树脂相比，添加磁性二氧化硅纳米线并在微磁场环境中固化后，环氧树脂的拉伸强度、冲击强度和断裂韧性分别提高了 59. 1%、98. 5%和 135. 0%。磁性二氧化硅纳米线在环氧树脂中向特定方向排列，改善了环氧树脂特定方向的力学性能。

In this work，magnetic silica nanowires（SiO₂NW@Fe₃O₄）were prepared based on silica nanowires（SiO₂NW）obtained by inverse microemulsion method and in situ chemical oxidation co-precipitation method was used to grow triiron tetraoxide on the surface of silica nanowires. The structures and morphologies of SiO₂NW and SiO₂NW@Fe₃O₄ were studied by X-ray diffraction，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy，scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The SiO₂NW@Fe₃O₄ was uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin by mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion. The epoxy resin was cured in a micro magnetic field to align the magnetic nanowires in specific directions，thus improving the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin in specific directions.Compared with pure epoxy resin，after adding magnetic silica nanowires and curing in a micro magnetic field environment，the tensile strength、impact strength and fracture toughness of the epoxy resin increased by 59. 1%、98. 5% and 135. 0% respectively.