介绍了防覆冰材料表面的防覆冰机理，并对国内外亲水型、疏水型和弹性 3大类防覆冰涂料的研究现状和优缺点进行了阐述，对涂层表面疏水性和防覆冰性的表征方法与手段进行了总结和介绍。最后，指出弹性疏水涂料将是未来防覆冰涂料领域的研究重点，另外在防覆冰涂料产品的推广应用、系统评价以及通用标准的建立方面，国内仍需要进一步优化与完善。

The anti-icing mechanism of such materials was delved into，and a comparative analysis of the current research，strengths，and weaknesses of hydrophilic， hydrophobic，and elastic anti-icing coatings both domestically and internationally was provided. Furthermore，it summarized the methods used to characterize the hydrophobicity and anti-icingperformance of these coatings. In conclusion，the study emphasized that future research in the anti-icing coatings sector will predominantly focused on elastic hydrophobic coatings. Moreover，there was a pressing need for further refinement and enhancement in the promotion， application，systematic evaluation，and standardization of anti-icing coatings within China.