防护结构的抗爆抗冲击性能是生命安全的重要保障，材料和结构是提高防护性能的 2种主要途径。喷涂聚脲弹性体凭借良好的力学性能和耗能特性被广泛运用于抗爆抗冲击防护领域。从喷涂聚脲弹性体的抗冲击性能出发，介绍了不同试验方法下喷涂聚脲弹性体优异的爆炸冲击防护性能，分析喷涂聚脲弹性体在不同应变率和环境下良好的适应性，发现涂层厚度和涂层构造会对材料抗冲击性能产生影响；从材料微观层面以及阻抗失配的角度综述了喷涂聚脲弹性体的抗冲击机理，最后阐述了抗冲击复合结构的耗能机理以及优化方法，指出了喷涂聚脲弹性体以及复合结构尚存在的部分问题以及发展方向。

The anti-explosion and anti-impact performance of protective structures was acritical guarantee for life safety，and materials and structures were the two main ways toimprove protective performance. Sprayed polyurea elastomers were widely used in the field ofanti-explosion and anti-impact protection due to their excellent mechanical properties andenergy-absorbing characteristics. Based on the anti-impact performance of sprayed polyureaelastomers，this article introduced their excellent explosion and impact protection performanceunder different test methods，analyzing their good adaptability under different strain rates and environments，and found that the coating thickness and coating structure could affect the material's anti-impact performance. From the micro-level of materials and impedance mismatch，the anti-impact mechanism of sprayed polyurea elastomers was summarized. Finally，the energy dissipation mechanism and optimization methods of anti-impact composite structures were expounded，some problems and development directions in sprayed polyureaelastomers and composite structures were pointed out.