防污涂料因性能可控、使用简便、经济高效等优点已逐渐成为应用最为广泛的防污技术。目前，如何解决涂层中防污剂的“暴释”问题以实现绿色长效防污，是国内外研究学者重点关注的技术难题，开发绿色高效的海洋防污涂料已成为研究的焦点和发展的主要方向。文章首先介绍了化学杀生型以及环境友好型海洋防污涂料，针对控释重点讨论了微胶囊包覆、微管吸附、温敏水凝胶和分子筛这 4种主流防污剂控释技术的特点、机理及其研究进展。在此基础上，梳理了每种技术存在的问题，提出了相应的解决措施，并探究了一种新型智能控释材料——金属有机框架。最后，在技术总结的基础上，从实现海洋防污与环境保护共赢和协同发展的角度，进行了展望。

Anti-fouling coatings had gradually become the most widely used antifouling technology due to their controllable performance，ease of use，economic efficiency and other advantages. At present，how to solve the problem of“violent release”of antifouling agent in the coating to realize green and long-lasting antifouling was a technical problem that domestic and abroad researchers and scholars focused on，and the development of green and efficient marine antifouling coatings had become the focus of the research and the main direction of development. In this paper，the chemical biocidal and environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings were briefly introduced，and the characteristics，mechanisms and research progress of the four mainstream controlled release technologies of antifouling agent，namely，microcapsule coating，microtubule adsorption，temperature-sensitive hydrogel and molecular sieve，were discussed in the context of controlled release. On this basis，the problems of each technology were sorted out，corresponding solution measures are proposed，and a new type of intelligent controlled release material“metal-organic framework”was explored as a direction. Finally，on the basis of the technical summary，an outlook was made from the perspective of realizing win-win and synergistic development of marine pollution prevention and environmental protection.