纤维素是地球上分布最广、储量最大的天然高分子材料，具有绿色环保、生物相容、易衍生化、可生物降解等优点。作为纤维素重要衍生物的纤维素酯，也因其良好的性能，被广泛应用于涂料工业。但由于纤维素分子内和分子间氢键网络及高度结晶的聚集态结构，使得天然纤维素很难溶解，从而严重影响了纤维素酯类衍生物的生产效率和产物结构的均一化。本文综述了纤维素在氯化锂/N，N-二甲基乙酰胺（ LiCl/DMAc）、离子液体、二甲基亚砜 /三水合四丁基氟化铵（ DMSO/TBAF. 3H2O）等 3种体系中的均相酯化反应；着重介绍了硝化纤维酯和醋酸纤维酯在涂料工业中的研究现状；针对纤维素酯类涂料存在的成膜脆而硬、热稳定性差等缺陷，提出了 3种改进思路；并指出了涂料行业将会朝着水性化方向继续发展，因此丰富纤维素酯涂料的功能也将成为未来研究的重点之一。
Cellulose is the most widely distributed and abundant natural polymer material on earth with advantages of green，biocompatibility，easy derivatization and biodegradability. Cellulose esters，as an important derivatives of cellulose，are also widely used in coatings industry because of their good properties. However，natural cellulose is difficult to be dissolved due to its intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond network and highly crystallized aggregation structure，which affects the production efficiency of cellulose derivatives and the homogenization of product structure. This paper reviewed the esterification of cellulose in three systems of LiCl/DMAc，ionic liquids，and DMSO/TBAF·3H2O respectively，focusing on the research status of nitrocellulose esters and cellulose acetate in coating industry. Three kinds of improvement ideas were proposed，regarding the defects of cellulose ester coatings such as brittle and hard film formation and poor thermal stability. Meanwhile，this paper pointed out the prospect that coatings industry will be water-oriented，therefore，enriching the functions of cellulose ester coatings will also become one of the focus of future research.
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