超浸润涂层是近年来防覆冰涂层的研究热点。本文探究了仿荷叶的超疏水涂层和仿猪笼草的超光滑涂层的设计与制备方法，阐述了2种涂层在防结冰机理上的不同和性能上的差异。超疏水表面通过增大水接触角减少水滴附着，延长结冰时间，其防覆冰效果与表面粗糙尺度相关，纳米尺度级表面可以克服高湿环境易结冰的缺点；超光滑涂层通过流动、化学均一的液体润滑层抑制水和冰在表面的积聚，防结冰、疏冰性能优异。纳米级粗糙结构有利于形成稳定的液体层，减小润滑层的损失。最后展望了超浸润防覆冰涂层的研究方向。
A superwetting coating is one of the research highlights in recent years. A superhydrophobic surface（SHS）inspired by lotus leaf and a slippery liquid-infused surface（SLIPS）inspired by nepenthes pitcher plant have drawn much attention as potential approaches to prevent ice formation. In this article，the ways to fabricate superhydrophobic surface and SLIPS are introduced，and the differences in mechanism and performance between the two surfaces are discussed. The superhydrophobic surface reduces the adhesion of water droplets by increasing the water contact angle，which prolongs the icing time. The anti-icing property is related to the surface roughness scale. The nano-scale surface overcomes the freezing tendency in high-humidity environment. The SLIPS is excellent in terms of anti-icing and ice-phobic. Due to the fluid and homogeneous liquid lubricant layer，the accumulation of water and ice are inhibited on SLIPS. The nano-scale roughness structure facilitates the formation of a stable liquid layer and reduces the loss of lubricating oil. Finally，the prospective tendency of anti-icing coatings is proposed based on the current challenges.
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